Isibalfur yinto engenayo enophawu lwamakhemikhali s kanye nenombolo ye-athomu engu-16. I-Sulfur Emsulwa yi-crystal ephuzi, eyaziwa nangokuthi isibabule noma isibabule ephuzi. I-Elemental Sulfur iyi-insoluble emanzini, incibilika kancane e-ethanol, futhi kalula kalula ku-carbon dispulfidecs2.
Izakhiwo ze-1.Fysical
- Isibabule ngokujwayelekile i-crystal ephuzi ephuzi, ngaphandle kwephunga futhi ayinambitha.
- Isibabule sinama-allotropes amaningi, wonke akhiwa ama-s8ama-molecule e-cyclic. Okuvame kakhulu yi-OrthorHomb sulphur (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Rhombic sulfur, i-α-sulfur) ne-monoclinic sulfur (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-β-sulfur).
- I-Orthorhombic sulfur iyindlela ezinzile zesibabule, futhi lapho kufuthelwa cishe ngo-100 ° C, kungaphola ukuthola isibabule se-monoclinike. Izinga lokushisa lenguquko phakathi kwe-Orthorhombic Sulfur ne-Monoclinic sulfur yi-95.6 ° C.orhombic sulfur yindlela kuphela ezinzile zesibabule sokushisa kwekamelo. Ifomu layo elimsulwa liphuzi-luhlaza okotshani (isibabule esithengiswayo emakethe libonakala liphuzi ngokwengeziwe ngenxa yokulandela amanani e-cyclohepsulfur). I-Orthorhombic sulfur empeleni iyi-insoluble emanzini, inokuphakelayo okushisayo okushisayo, ingumthakisi omuhle kagesi.
- I-Monoclinic sulfur yizinhlamvu eziningi ezinjengezinambiso ezisele ngemuva kokuncibilika isibabule futhi uthele uketshezi ngokweqile. I-Monoclinic sulfur Orthorhombic sulfur yinhlobonhlobo yesibabule sangaphambilini emazingeni okushisa ahlukene. I-Monoclinic Sulfur iqinile kuphela ngenhla kwe-95.6 ℃, kanye namazinga okushisa, iguqula kancane ibe yi-Orthorhombic Sulfur. Iphuzu lokuncibilika le-Orthorhombic Sulfur lingu-112.8 ℃, indawo yokuncibilika ye-monoclinic sulfur ingu-119 ℃. Zombili zincibilika kakhulu ku-cs2.
- Kukhona nesibabule se-elastic. I-Elastic Sulfur i-blow emnyama, eqinile eqinile engancibilika kancane e-carbon disbfide kunamanye ama-allotropees sulfur. Kuyinto engabonakali emanzini futhi incibilika kancane ngotshwala. Uma i-molten sulphur idonswa ngokushesha emanzini abandayo, isibabule esinamaketafula amade senzelwe, isibabule se-elastic seluliwe. Kodwa-ke, kuzokwenza lukhuni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi kube yisibabule se-monoclinike.
Izakhiwo ze-2.Chemical
- Isibabule singashisa emoyeni, siphendule ngo-oxygen ukwakha i-sulphur dioxide (kanjalo₂) igesi.
- Isibabule sihlangana nawo wonke ama-halogen afudumele. Ishisa ku-fluorine ukwakha i-sulfur hexafluoride. Isibabule se-liquid nge-chlorine ukwakha i-dispul dichloride (s2Cl2). Ingxube yokulingana equkethe i-Red Sulfur Dichloride (SCL) ingakhiwa lapho i-chlorine ingaphezulu futhi i-catalyst, njenge-fecl3noma sni4,iyasetshenziswa.
- Isibabule singasabela ngesisombululo se-hot potassium hydroxide (Koh) sokwakha i-potassium sulfide ne-potassium thiesulfate.
- Isibabule asiphenduli ngamanzi nama-acid angewona axidizing. Isibabule sihlangana ne-nitric acid eshisayo kanye ne-sulfuric acid futhi singakwazi ukufakwa kwi-sulfuric acid kanye nesibabule dioxide.
Insimu ye-3.application
- Ukusetshenziswa Kwezimboni
Ukusetshenziswa okuyisisekelo kwesibabule kuMkhandlu Wokukhiqiza ama-sulfur acid, ama-sulfites, ama-ocfidetates, i-sulphur diokloride, i-phoshorulforulforus, i-phosphorus ye-diosphorus, i-phosphorulforus, i-sulfides ye-metal, kanye ne-sulfides yensimbi. Bangaphezu kuka-80% ukusetshenziswa kwe-sulfure yonyaka emhlabeni kusetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwe-sulfuric acid. Isibabule futhi sisetshenziswe kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwenjoloba evundlekeni. Lapho irabha eluhlaza livuselelwa enjoloba evundweni, ithola amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokuvikelwa kokushisa okuqinile, nokungenakufakwa ku-organic solvents. Imikhiqizo eminingi yenjoloba yenziwa ngerabha evundwayo, ekhiqizwa ngokuphendula irabha eluhlaza kanye namashevu athile emazingeni okushisa kanye nezingcindezi. Isibabule siyadingeka futhi ekukhiqizweni kwe-powder emnyama nemidlalo, futhi kungenye yezinto ezi-main eziluhlaza ngenxa yezicishamlilo. Ngokwengeziwe, i-sulfur ingasetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwamadayi kanye nemibala ye-sulfurized. Isibonelo, ukukhala ingxube ye-kaolin, ikhabhoni, isibabule, umhlaba we-diatomaceous, noma i-quartz powder kungakhiqiza umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka obizwa nge-ultramarine. Imboni ye-bleach kanye nemboni yezemithi nayo idla isibabule sengxenye.
- Ukusetshenziswa Kwezokwelapha
Isibabule singenye yezithako emithini eminingi yezikhumba zesikhumba. Isibonelo, uwoyela we-tungaty ufudunyezwa ngesibabule ukuze unbulfur usibule nge-sulfur acid bese uthathwa ngamanzi e-ammonia ukuthola ama-tulfonetated tung oyela. I-10% amafutha enziwe kusuka kuyo inemiphumela yokulwa nokuvuvukala nokulimala futhi ingasetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba okuhlukahlukene nokuvuvukala.
Isikhathi Sokuthumela: Dec-09-2024