7n reursuruum crystal kukura uye kucheneswa

7n reursuruum crystal kukura uye kucheneswa

Ini. Raw zvinyorwa zvekunyepedzera uye kucheneswa kwekutanga

1. ‌Raw zvinyorwa kusarudzwa uye kupwanya‌

• ‌Zvinodiwa zvezvinhu.
• ‌Maitiro ekutaridza:
• Coarse kupwanya kusvika kune size saizi ≤5mm, inoteverwa nebhora yekugaya kusvika ±200 mesh;
• Magineti Kuparadzanisa (magineti munda wemagineti kusimbisa ≥0.8T) kubvisa fe, ni, uye kumwe kusachena kwemafaro;
• Froth Flotation (pH = 8-9, XANTHATE VACERTEOR) kupatsanura Sio₂, Cuo, uye zvimwe zvisiri-zvakasvibirira.
• ‌Zvekungwaririra: Regedza kuunza unyoro panguva yekunyoroveswa (inoda kuoma usati wabikwa); kudzora ambient humidity ≤30%.

1. ‌Pyrometallurgical kuhukura uye oxidation‌

• ‌Maitiro paramita:
• Oxidation inokudza tembiricha: mazana matatu nemashanu
• Nguva yekubiwa: 6-8 maawa, ine o₂ kuyerera chiyero che5-10 l / min;
• Reagent: Yakasarudzika SulFuric Acid (98% h₂so₄), misa ratio te₂so₄ = 1: 1.5.
• ‌Makemikari maitiro:
  Cu2te + 2O2 + 2H2SE4 → 2Chiwe4 + teo2 + 2h2ocu2 te + 2o2 + 2So2 SO2 + 2H2 O
• ‌Zvekungwaririra: Kudzora tembiricha bata zvakanaka gasi na narao the the

Ii. Electrerefining uye vacuum distillation

1. ‌Electrerefulining‌

• ‌Electrolyte system:
• Electrolyte kuumbwa: H₂so₄ (80-120g / l), Teo₂ (40-60g / l), inowedzera (Gelatin 0.-0.3g / l);
• Tembiricha Control: 30-40 ° C, kutenderera kuyerera chiyero 1.5-2 m³ / h.
• ‌Maitiro paramita:
• Yazvino Density: 100-150 A / M², Cell Voltage 0.2-0.4V;
• Electrode Sparing: 80-120mm, Cathode Provition Dickness 2-3mm / 8h;
• Kusachena Kubvisa Kubvisa: CU ≤5PPP, PB ≤1Pm.
• ‌Zvekungwaririra: Inogara ichifa faira (kunyatso ≤1μμm); Mechanicicy Polish ande anozviona kuti udzivise kupaza.

1. ‌Vacuum distillation‌

• ‌Maitiro paramita:
• Vacuum level: ≤1 × 10⁻²pa, kudzikisira kupisa 600-650 c;
• Condenser Zone Tembiricha: 200-20 ° C, te Vapor Condension Kubudirira ≥95%;
• Nguva Distillation Nguva: 8-12h, single-batch kugona ≤50kg.
• ‌Kugoverwa kusachena: Kuderera-kubhowa kusvibiswa (se, s) kuunganidza kuCondier kumberi; Kusvibiswa kwakakwirira-bhodhi (PB, AG) kuramba kuri kubva kwasara.
• ‌Zvekungwaririra: Pre-pombi vacuum system ku ≤5 × 10⁻³pa ​​usati wadzivirira kudzivirira te oodidation.

III. Crystal kukura (mautial crystallization)

1. ‌Equipment Kugadziriswa‌

• ‌Crystal Grady Fire Models: TDR-70A / B (30kg kugona) kana trdl-800 (60kg kugona);
• ChangeCuclible zvinhu: Yakakwirira-PUREGHY Graphite (ASH Zvinyorwa ≤5PPPM), zviyero φ300 × 400mm;
• Maitiro ekupisa: graphite kuramba kupisa, kupisa kwemahombe mazana maviri nemaviri c.

1. ‌Maitiro paramita‌

• ‌Nyungudika kutonga:
• Kunyungudza tembiricha: 500-520 ° C, Melt Pool Depthth 80-120mm;
• Inodzivirira Gasi: AR (Kuchenesa ≥99.999%), kuyerera kuyerera 10-15 l / min.
• ‌Crystallization parameter:
• Kudhonza chiyero: 1-3mm / h, kristaro kutenderera kumhanya 8-12rpm;
• Tembiricha Gradient: Axial 30-50 ° C / CM, Radial ≤10 ° C / cm;
• Kutonhora nzira: Mvura-yakadonhorera yemari yeCopper Base (tembiricha yemvura 20-25 ° C), pamusoro pekuputika kutonhora.

1. ‌Kuzvidzora Kusachena‌

• ‌Kusarudzika maitiro: Kusachena senge fe, ni (segregation coefficient <0,1) kuunganidza pamiganhu yezviyo;
• ‌REMELING THE: 3-5 clecle, yekupedzisira zvachose kusvibiswa ≤0.1Pm.

1. ‌Zvekungwaririra:

• Cover
• Monitor Crystal Diameter munguva chaiyo uchishandisa Laser Gauges (Kujeka ± 0.1mm);
• Dzivisa tembiricha tembiricha> ± 2 ° C kudzivirira disensity density kuwedzera (chinangwa ≤10³ / cm²).

Iv. Mhando yekuongorora uye kiyi metric

V. Zvemamiriro ekunze uye Echengetedzo Protocols

1. ‌Exaust Jagn Kurapa:

• Kukudzwa kweropa: Neutralize so₂ uye seo₂ na narao thrrubberts (Ph≥10);
• Vacuum distillation kunopererwa: kudzora uye kudzoreredza te hupi; vakasara magasi adsorbed kuburikidza yakagadziriswa kabhoni.

1. ‌Slag Recycling:

• Anode Slime (ane AG, AU): Tora kuburikidza neHydrometallurgy (h₂so₄-hcl system);
• Electrolysis inosara (ine PB, CU): Dzokera kune mhangura yekunyepedzera masisitimu.

1. ‌Kuchengetedza Matanho:

• Olators anofanirwa kupfeka masks egasi (te vapor ane chepfu); Chengetedza kusanzwisisika kudzvinyirira ventilation (mhandara yekutsinhana ≥10 cycle / h).

Process optimization nhungamiro

1. ‌Raw zvinyorwa zvine chekuita.
2. ‌Crystal kudhonza rate inoenderana.
3. ‌Kubudirira kwesimba.