Purificacionem summus puritatis selenium (≥99.999%) involves compositum de physica et eget modos ad removendum impudicitiis ut te, PB, FE et sicut. Et haec clavis processus et parametri:
I. Vacuum Distillation
Processus fluxus:
I. Place Cruda Selenium (≥99.9%) in quartz in vacuo Distillation in vectes.
II. Calor 300-500 ° C in vacuo (1-100 PA) 60-180 minutes.
III. Selenium Vapor Condensia Duo-scaena condenser (inferioribus cum PB / CU particulas, superius scaena ad Selenium collection).
IV. Oratio Selenium a superiore condenser; 碲 (te) et altus ferventis impudicities manent in inferioribus.
Parametri:
- Temperature: 300-500 ° C
- Pressure: 1-100 PA
- Condenser Material: Victz aut immaculatam ferro.
II. Eget purificationem + vacuo distillation
Processus fluxus:
I. Oxidatio Combustione: React crude Selenium (99.9%) cum O₂ ad D ° C ad formam SEO₂ et Teo₂ vapores.
II. Solventum extractionem: Dissolve SEO₂ in anhanol, aqua solution, filter de teeo₂ praecipiti.
III. Reduction: Usus Hydrazine (n₂h₄) ad redigendum SEO₂ ad elementarium selenium.
IV. De altum de-te: oxidize Selenium iterum ad Seo₄²⁻, tunc extract Te using solvendo extraction.
V. Final Vacuum Distillation: Purify Selenium at 300-500 ° C et 1-100 PA ad consequi 6n (99,9999%) puritate.
Parametri:
- Oxidation Temperature: D F
- Hydrazine dosage, excess ut completum reductionem.
III. Electrolytic purificatio
Processus fluxus:
I. Use an electrolytici (eg, selenous acidum) cum a current densitate 5-10 a / DM².
II. Selenium deposits in cathode, dum Selenium oxides volatilize ad Anode.
Parametri:
- Current Density: 5-10 A / DM²
- Electrolytici: et selenate acidum solutio.
IV. Solvendo extraction
Processus fluxus:
I. Extractum se ⁴⁺ ex solutione usura tbp (Tributyl phosphate) vel toa (triotylamine) in hydrochloric aut sulphuric acidum media.
II. Diplive et praecipitant Selenium, tunc recrystallize.
Parametri:
- Extractant: tbp (HCL medium) vel toa (H₂so₄ medium)
- Number of gradus: 2-3.
V. Zonam liquescens
Processus fluxus:
I. saepe zona-conflandum Selenium ingots ut aufero vestigium impudicitiis.
II. Idoneam ad Achieving> 5n puritatem ex summus puritas incipiens materiae.
Nota: requirit specialized apparatu et industria-intensive.
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Nam visual reference, ad haec figuras ex litterae:
- Vacuum Distillation setup: Schematic of a Duo-scaena condenser ratio.
- se-te phase Diagram: illustrat separationem challenges ex prope ferventis puncta.
References
- vacuo distillation et eget modos:
- Electrolytic et solvendo extraction:
- Advanced Techniques et challenges:
Post tempus: Mar-21-2025