7n na-eri nri kristal na ịdị ọcha

7n na-eri nri kristal na ịdị ọcha

M. Ihe eji eme ihe dika ihe di ocha

1. ‌Nhọrọ akụrụngwa na azọpịa‌

• ‌Ihe akụrụngwa: Jiri nzaghachi ma ọ bụ mkpọda slime (tere aka ≥5%), ọkacha mma ọla kọpa na-ese ihe (nwere cu₂se) dị ka akụrụngwa.
• ‌Usoro ọmụmụ:
• Dị ka mma na-etipịa ihe na urughuru ≤5mm, bọl na-esochi ≤200.
• Ike iche (ndọta ndọta na-enweghị ike ≥0.8t) iji wepu fe, ni, na adịghị ọcha ndị ọzọ;
• Frotche foot (ph = 8-9, ndị na-anakọta ya) kewapụ, CUO, na ndị ọzọ adịghị ọcha.
• ‌Mkpachapụ anya: Zere iwebata mmiri n'oge udu mmiri (na-achọ ihicha tupu ịmịcha); chịkwaa iru mmiri ≤30%.

1. ‌Pyrometlurgical na oxidation‌

• ‌Usoro nhazi usoro:
• Oxhid na-egbu osisi: 350-600 Celsius C (njikwa ego: obere okpomọkụ maka desdulfution, okpomọkụ dị elu maka oxidition);
• Oge a na-eme ya: 6-8 awa, na o₂ na-asọpụta ọnụego 5-10 l / min;
• Regagent: sulfuric acid (98% h₂so), Mass ruru te₂se₄ = 1: 1.5.
• ‌Na Na Na:
  Cu2te + 2O2 + 2HSO4 + 2H2OCU2 TA + 2O2 na 2H2 JEE2 + 2H2 O
• ‌Mkpachapụ anya: Jikwaa okpomọkụ ≤600 ≤600 Celsius C iji gbochie teo₂ Vlastilization (Ire Isi 387 Celsius C); na-emeso gas na-emebi emebi na ndị na-ede ihe.

II. Elenye aka na oghere distiction

1. ‌Elenye anya‌

• ‌Sistemụ electrolyte:
• Ihe mejupụtara electrolyte: h₂SO₄ (80-120g / l), teo₂ (40-60g / l), onye na-atụ (gelatin 0.1-0.3G / l);
• Njikwa okpomọkụ: 30-40 ° C, Popelition Frace Ọnụego 1.5-2 MGB / H.
• ‌Usoro nhazi usoro:
• Nọmba dị ugbu a: 100-150 A / M², Cell volta 0.2-0.4V;
• Electrode spacking: 80-120mm, onye na-etinye ego Cathede Put 2-3m / 8h;
• Mmefu na-enweghị atụ: CU ≤5ppm, pb ≤1ppm.
• ‌Mkpachapụ anya: Nzacha electrolyte mgbe niile (izi ezi ≤1m); na-eme ka ihe mkpuchi na-egbochi ihe iji gbochie ịhapụ ime.

1. ‌Vakum distillation‌

• ‌Usoro nhazi usoro:
• Valum larịị: ≤1 × 10gta, Distillation okpomọkụ 600-650 Celsius C;
• Concheser Mpaghara Ọnọdụ: 200-250 Celsius C, tedor fongreness ≥95%;
• Oge Distillation: 8-12h, ikike nke nwere ikike ≤50kg.
• ‌Nkesa na-enweghị atụ: Adịghị ike mmiri (se, s) na-agbakọ na ihu nchekwa; Adị na-esi ísì ụtọ dị elu (PB, AG) nọgide na-agbakwa ya.
• ‌Mkpachapụ anya: Pre-pumploum usoro iji × 10gwa tupu kpoo kpo oku iji gbochie oxida.

III. Crystal Uto (Crickstallization)

1. ‌Nhazi akụrụngwa‌

• ‌Udiri na-etolite na-eto: Tdr-70a / ike ikike B (30kg ike) ma ọ bụ trdl-800 (ikike ikike);
• Ihe ndị dị ọcha: Egosiputa nke dị ọcha
• Lọ igwe na-ekpo ọkụ: kpochapụ ọkụ na-acha ọcha, oke okpomọkụ 1200 Celsius.

1. ‌Usoro nhazi usoro‌

• ‌Njikwa gbazee:
• Mgbidi na-agbaze: 500-520 Celsius C, gbazee ọnyà miri emi 80-120mm;
• Nchebe nchebe: ar (ịdị ọcha ≥99.999%), ọnụego 10-15 L / min.
• ‌Oke mkpu:
• Prinking na-adọta ọnụego: 1-3mm / h, trystal ntụgharị ọsọ 8-12rm;
• Ọnọdụ gradient: Axial 30-50 Celsius C / cm, radial ≤10 ° C / cm;
• Feelingzọ jụrụ oyi: mmiri ọla kọpa nke mmiri (mmiri mmiri 20-25 Celsius C), dị jụụ radiative jụrụ.

1. ‌Njide Ahụ‌

• ‌Mmetụta Segregation: Adịghị ka fer, ni (segreg coeffication <0.1) na-agbakọta na ala;
• ‌Na-eme ka usoro cogegwọ: 3-5 cycles, ngụkọta ikpeazụ ngụkọta ≤0.1PM.

1. ‌Mkpachapụ anya:

• Kpuchie agbaze elu na mpempe eserese iji kpochapụ teatilization (ọnwụ efu ≤0.5%);
• Dayameta kristal na ezigbo oge site na iji laser gages (izi ezi ± 0.);
• Avoid temperature fluctuations >±2°C to prevent dislocation density increase (target ≤10³/cm²) .

Iv. Nnyocha dị mma na Metrik Key

V. Usoro gburugburu ebe obibi na nchekwa

1. ‌Ọgwụgwọ gas gas:

• Rath na-efe efe: na -ewepụ ya na SEO₂ na Naa scrubbers (ph≥10);
• Vakum distillalọ ọrụ: condence ma nwetaghachi Teapo; A na-arụ ọrụ gas na-emegharị emegharị.

1. ‌Slag recycling:

• Slime Slime (nwere Ag, AG): Naghachi site na site na Hydrometing (H₂SOS-HCLYS);
• Ngwakọta electrolysis (nwere PB, CU): Laghachi na sistemụ ọla kọpa.

1. ‌Usoro nchekwa:

• Ndị ọrụ ga-eyi ihe mkpuchi gas (tepor bụ ihe na-egbu egbu); Nọgide Na-adịghị Mma (Ikuku Mgbanwe State ≥10 Corcles / H).

Ntuziaka Usoro njikọta usoro

1. ‌Mmeghari ihe mmeghari: Gbanwee ọnọdụ a na-acha uhie uhie na acid dị egwu na-eme ihe na Slime Isi mmalite Slime (dịka, ọla kọpa na-eme skelting);
2. ‌Crystal na-adọta ọnụego ọnụego: Gbanwee ọsọ ọsọ dị ka mkpebi siri ike (Reyyns nọmba re≥2000) igbochi Supercooling;
3. ‌Arụmọrụ ike: Jiri mpaghara okpomọkụ (isi mpaghara 500 Celsius C, sub-mpaghara 400 Celsius c) iji belata ike nguzogide ike site 30%.