ʻO kēia ka loiloiʻana o nāʻenehana piha piha loa o nāʻenehana hou loa, pololei, nā kumukūʻai, a me nā hiʻohiʻona noi:
I. ʻO nāʻenehanaʻenehana hou
- ICP-Ms / Ms couplingʻenehana
- Kahi Kahua: Usilizees Tandem Mass Spectromentry
- 'Clelo pololei: Kuhi palena e like me ka haʻahaʻa e like me0.1 ppb, Kūpono no nā metala maʻemaʻe (≥99.999% maʻemaʻe)
- Kālā: Nā mea hana kiʻekiʻe (~285,000-285,000-714,000 USD), Me ka noiʻana i ka mālama pono a me nā koi hana
- ʻO nā hopena kiʻekiʻe
- Kahi Kahua: E helu i nā haumia e ka loiloiʻana i ka helu o ka Address EMISCAT-Spect emistra i hanaʻia e Plasma hoihoi.
- 'Clelo pololei: E nānā i nā huapalapala PPM-pae me kahi papa'āina ākea (5-6 mau kauoha o ka nui),ʻoiai keʻano o keʻano matrix.
- Kālā: Nā kumukūʻai kūponoʻole (~143,000-143,000-286,000 USD), Kūpono no ka hana maʻamau ma mua (99.9% -99.99% hoʻomaʻemaʻe) ma ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana.
- Glow discking inccharge spectrometry (gd-ms)
- Kahi Kahua: E pili pololei i nā papa hana shaple shack e pale aku ai i ka hoʻonāʻana o ka hoʻonāʻana, e hiki i ka loiloi nui isotope.
- 'Clelo pololei: Nā palena i loaʻa aiPPT-pae, Hoʻolālāʻia no semiconductor-city ultra-city metals
- Kālā: Kiʻekiʻe loa (> $ 714,000 USD), I kaupalenaʻia i nā hana hana holomua.
- I loko o hoʻokahi x-ray photoelectron spectrossocopy (xps)
- Kahi Kahua: Nā Kūlana Kūʻai Kūʻai Kūʻai Kūʻai eʻike i nā'āpana Oxde a iʻole ka nui o nā hana a pau'ole78.
- 'Clelo pololei: NANOSCALE UPORITE HOOPONOPONO NO KA POE ANA I KA LOA ANA.
- Kālā: Kiʻekiʻe (~ $ 429,000 USD), Me ka mālama paʻakikī.
II. Nā Manaʻo Huakaʻi
Kohoʻia ma keʻano metala,ʻo ka papa kiʻekiʻe, a me ke kālā, e'ōleloʻia nā hui hoʻohui:
- Ultra-Fine metals (> 99.999%)
- 'Āpana: ICP-MS / MS + GD-MS14
- Loaʻa: COvers Travers Scefrities a me ISOTOPE e nānā ana me ka uku kiʻekiʻe.
- Noi: Nā mea waiwai semiconductor, nā pahuhopu spittering.
- Nā Kūlana Kūʻai Kūʻai Nui (99.9% -99.99%)
- 'Āpana: ICP-OES + OESSPILE TITRACH24
- Loaʻa: Kumukūʻai-kūpono (Ka huina ~ $ 214,000 USD), Kākoʻo i kaʻike houʻana o ka rapid.
- Noi:ʻO ka pāʻoihana kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe-hoʻomaʻemaʻe, keleawe, etc.
- Nā metals meta, Ag, pt)
- 'Āpana: Xrf + ali soosty68
- Loaʻa:ʻAʻole i hoʻopiliʻia ka screeructive scilinging (xrf) i hanaʻia me ka hōʻoiaʻana o ka pono kumukūʻai kumukūʻai~71,000-71,000-143,000 USD
- Noi:ʻO nā mea nani, ka mea kanu, a iʻole nā hanana e koi ai i ka hana likeʻole.
- Nā noi noi
- 'Āpana: Keena milo +ʻoihana kikowaena / Kahe Hika24
- Loaʻa: Ka uku<$ 29,000 USD, Kūpono no nā sm no a iʻole ke nānā muaʻana.
- Noi: Nā mea nānā a iʻole ka nānāʻana i ka mana o ka pūnaewele.
III. ʻEnehanaʻenehana a me ke alakaʻi alakaʻi
| 'Āpana | ʻO ka pololei (palena palena) | Kumukūʻai (mea hana + mālama) | Noi |
| ICP-MS / MS | 0.1 ppb | Kiʻekiʻe loa (> $ 428,000 USD) | Trace metala trace metala |
| Gd-ms | 0 0 Ppt PP | Loa (> $ 714,000 USD) | Semiconducorst-Swards ISOTOPER UST48 |
| ICP-OES | 1 ppm | Moderate (143,000-143,000-286,000 USD) | Ke ho'āʻo neiʻo Bach i nā metala maʻamau56 |
| Xrf | 100 ppm | Medium (71,000-71,000-143,000 USD) | ʻAʻole kuhi koʻikoʻi i ka screen i loko o ka screening68 |
| Kanima Kemila | 0.1% | Haʻahaʻa (<$ 14,000 USD) | Haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa |
Hōʻaʻakeʻa
- Ma mua o ka pololei: ICP-ms / ms a gd a gd-ms no nā metala kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, e koi ana i nā kālā koʻikoʻi.
- Koi kaulike-kūpono: ICP-OES i hui pūʻia me nā kaʻina hana no nā noi hana maʻamau.
- ʻAʻole pono: Xrf + ahi waiwai no nā metala koʻikoʻi.
- Nā Kuʻuna kālā: Ma ka papa kumu kūʻai kemika me keʻano o ka hana a me keʻano hana
Post Time: Mar-25-2025